L2L Microarray Analysis Tool

14.45

2.92e-05

mismatch repair

A system for the correction of errors introduced during DNA replication when an incorrect base, which cannot form hydrogen bonds with the corresponding base in the parent strand, is incorporated into the daughter strand. The mismatch repair system promotes genomic fidelity by repairing base-base mismatches, insertion-deletion loops and heterologies generated during DNA replication and recombination.

34

0.08

maintenance of fidelity during DNA-dependent DNA replication

35.69

8.53e-05

The correction of errors made during DNA replication by either intrinsic DNA polymerase proofreading activity or via mismatch repair.

35

0.09

lymphocyte mediated immunity

34.67

9.32e-05

DNA metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving DNA, deoxyribonucleic acid, one of the two main types of nucleic acid, consisting of a long, unbranched macromolecule formed from one, or more commonly, two, strands of linked deoxyribonucleotides.

922

2.28

10

4.39

1.30e-04

Any process involved in the carrying out of an immune response by a lymphocyte.

116

0.29

leukocyte mediated immunity

13.95

2.14e-04

Any process involved in the carrying out of an immune response by a leukocyte.

124

0.31

induction of apoptosis by intracellular signals

13.05

2.77e-04

Any process induced by intracellular signals that directly activates any of the steps required for cell death by apoptosis.

59

0.15

20.57

4.43e-04

histone deacetylation

The modification of histones by removal of acetyl groups.

13

0.03

62.24

4.68e-04

immune effector process

Any process of the immune system that occurs as part of an immune response.

143

0.35

response to DNA damage stimulus

11.32

4.74e-04

A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating damage to its DNA from environmental insults or errors during metabolism.

412

1.02

6

5.89

6.37e-04

DNA recombination

The processes by which a new genotype is formed by reassortment of genes resulting in gene combinations different from those that were present in the parents. In eukaryotes genetic recombination can occur by chromosome assortment, intrachromosomal recombination, or nonreciprocal interchromosomal recombination. Intrachromosomal recombination occurs by crossing over. In bacteria it may occur by genetic transformation, conjugation, transduction, or F-duction.

158

0.39

protein amino acid deacetylation

10.24

6.89e-04

The removal of an acetyl group from a protein amino acid. An acetyl group is CH3CO-, derived from acetic [ethanoic] acid.

16

0.04

regulation of DNA recombination

50.57

7.17e-04

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of DNA recombination, a process by which a new genotype is formed by reassortment of genes resulting in gene combinations different from those that were present in the parents.

18

0.04

natural killer cell mediated immunity

44.95

9.11e-04

The promotion of an immune response by natural killer cells through direct recognition of target cells or through the release of cytokines.

18

0.04

natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity

44.95

9.11e-04

The directed killing of a target cell by a natural killer cell through the release of granules containing cytotoxic mediators or through the engagement of death receptors.

18

0.04

response to endogenous stimulus

44.95

9.11e-04

A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an endogenous stimulus.

453

1.12

6

5.36

1.04e-03

leukocyte mediated cytotoxicity

The directed killing of a target cell by a leukocyte.

21

0.05

macromolecule metabolic process

38.53

1.24e-03

The chemical reactions and pathways involving macromolecules, large molecules including proteins, nucleic acids and carbohydrates.

7752

19.16

34

1.77

1.36e-03

DNA repair

The process of restoring DNA after damage. Genomes are subject to damage by chemical and physical agents in the environment (e.g. UV and ionizing radiations, chemical mutagens, fungal and bacterial toxins, etc.) and by free radicals or alkylating agents endogenously generated in metabolism. DNA is also damaged because of errors during its replication. A variety of different DNA repair pathways have been reported that include direct reversal, base excision repair, nucleotide excision repair, photoreactivation, bypass, double-strand break repair pathway, and mismatch repair pathway.

325

0.80

nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolic process

6.22

1.41e-03

The chemical reactions and pathways involving nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids.

4320

10.68

22

2.06

1.56e-03

induction of apoptosis

A process that directly activates any of the steps required for cell death by apoptosis.

341

0.84

induction of programmed cell death

5.93

1.73e-03

A process which directly activates any of the steps required for programmed cell death.

343

0.85

biopolymer metabolic process

5.90

1.78e-03

The chemical reactions and pathways involving biopolymers, long, repeating chains of monomers found in nature e.g. polysaccharides and proteins.

5812

14.37

27

1.88

1.84e-03

cell killing

Any process in an organism that results in the killing of its own cells or those of another organism, including in some cases the death of the other organism. Killing here refers to the induction of death in one cell by another cell, not cell-autonomous death due to internal or other environmental conditions.

26

0.06

negative regulation of DNA metabolic process

31.12

1.91e-03

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving DNA.

28

0.07

mRNA catabolic process, nonsense-mediated decay

28.90

2.21e-03

The nonsense-mediated mRNA decay pathway degrades mRNAs transcribed from genes in which an amino-acid codon has changed to a nonsense codon; this prevents the translation of such mRNAs into truncated, and potentially harmful, proteins.

30

0.07

somatic recombination of immunoglobulin genes during immune response

26.97

2.54e-03

The process by which immunoglobulin genes are formed through recombination of the germline genetic elements, also known as immunoglobulin gene segments, within a single locus following the induction of an immune response.

30

0.07

somatic diversification of immunoglobulins during immune response

26.97

2.54e-03

The somatic process by means of which sequence diversity of immunoglobulins is generated after the induction of an immune response.

30

0.07

immunoglobulin production during immune response

26.97

2.54e-03

The appearance of immunoglobulin due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus during an immune response, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.

30

0.07

nucleotide-excision repair

26.97

2.54e-03

In nucleotide excision repair a small region of the strand surrounding the damage is removed from the DNA helix as an oligonucleotide. The small gap left in the DNA helix is filled in by the sequential action of DNA polymerase and DNA ligase. Nucleotide excision repair recognizes a wide range of substrates, including damage caused by UV irradiation (pyrimidine dimers and 6-4 photoproducts) and chemicals (intrastrand cross-links and bulky adducts).

30

0.07

26.97

2.54e-03

isotype switching

The switching of activated B cells from IgM biosynthesis to biosynthesis of other isotypes of immunoglobulin, accomplished through a recombination process involving an intrachromosomal deletion involving switch regions that reside 5' of each constant region gene segment in the immunoglobulin heavy chain locus.

30

0.07

somatic diversification of immune receptors via germline recombination within a single locus

26.97

2.54e-03

The process by which immune receptor genes are diversified through recombination of the germline genetic elements within a single genetic locus.

31

0.08

somatic cell DNA recombination

26.10

2.71e-03

Recombination occurring within or between DNA molecules in somatic cells.

31

0.08

somatic recombination of immunoglobulin gene segments

26.10

2.71e-03

The process by which immunoglobulin genes are formed through recombination of the germline genetic elements, as known as immunoglobulin gene segments, within a single locus.

31

0.08

26.10

2.71e-03

mRNA processing

Any process involved in the conversion of a primary mRNA transcript into one or more mature mRNA(s) prior to translation into polypeptide.

382

0.94

5.30

2.83e-03

response to UV

A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an ultraviolet radiation (UV light) stimulus. Ultraviolet radiation is electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength in the range of 10 to 380 nanometers.

32

0.08

25.28

2.88e-03

response to radiation

A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an electromagnetic radiation stimulus. Electromagnetic radiation is a propagating wave in space with electric and magnetic components. These components oscillate at right angles to each other and to the direction of propagation.

117

0.29

somatic diversification of immune receptors

10.37

3.18e-03

The somatic process allowing for the production of immune receptors whose specificity is not encoded in the germline genomic sequences.

34

0.08

somatic diversification of immunoglobulins

23.80

3.25e-03

The somatic process by means of which sequence diversity of immunoglobulins is generated.

34

0.08

positive regulation of apoptosis

23.80

3.25e-03

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptosis.

396

0.98

positive regulation of programmed cell death

5.11

3.29e-03

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death, cell death resulting from activation of endogenous cellular processes.

400

0.99

5.06

3.44e-03

aging

The inherent decline over time, from the optimal fertility and viability of early maturity, that may precede death and may be preceded by other indications, such as sterility.

35

0.09

DNA damage response, signal transduction resulting in induction of apoptosis

23.12

3.44e-03

A cascade of processes initiated by the detection of DNA damage and resulting in the induction of apoptosis (programmed cell death).

36

0.09

immunoglobulin production

22.47

3.64e-03

The appearance of immunoglobulin due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.

39

0.10

20.75

4.26e-03

base-excision repair

In base excision repair, an altered base is removed by a DNA glycosylase enzyme, followed by excision of the resulting sugar phosphate. The small gap left in the DNA helix is filled in by the sequential action of DNA polymerase and DNA ligase.

41

0.10

19.73

4.70e-03

mRNA catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of mRNA, messenger RNA, which is responsible for carrying the coded genetic 'message', transcribed from DNA, to sites of protein assembly at the ribosomes.

41

0.10

G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle

19.73

4.70e-03

metabolic process

Processes that cause many of the chemical changes in living organisms, including anabolism and catabolism. Metabolic processes typically transform small molecules, but also include macromolecular processes such as DNA repair and replication, and protein synthesis and degradation.

9690

23.95

38

1.59

4.81e-03

RNA processing

Any process involved in the conversion of one or more primary RNA transcripts into one or more mature RNA molecules.

622

1.54

6

3.90

4.94e-03

Progression from G1 phase to S phase of the mitotic cell cycle.

44

0.11

DNA replication initiation

18.39

5.40e-03

The process by which DNA replication is started; this involves the separation of a stretch of the DNA double helix, the recruitment of DNA polymerases and the initiation of polymerase action.

44

0.11

18.39

5.40e-03

mRNA metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving mRNA, messenger RNA, which is responsible for carrying the coded genetic 'message', transcribed from DNA, to sites of protein assembly at the ribosomes.

453

1.12

cellular metabolic process

4.47

5.77e-03

cell cycle

The progression of biochemical and morphological phases and events that occur in a cell during successive cell replication or nuclear replication events. Canonically, the cell cycle comprises the replication and segregation of genetic material followed by the division of the cell, but in endocycles or syncytial cells nuclear replication or nuclear division may not be followed by cell division.

1307

3.23

9

2.79

6.00e-03

The chemical reactions and pathways by which individual cells transform chemical substances.

8889

21.97

35

1.59

6.19e-03

primary metabolic process

Reactions involving those compounds which are formed as a part of the normal anabolic and catabolic processes. These processes take place in most, if not all, cells of the organism.

8941

22.10

35

1.58

6.73e-03

production of molecular mediator of immune response

The synthesis or release of any molecular mediator of the immune response following an immunological stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.

51

0.13

tRNA aminoacylation for protein translation

15.86

7.19e-03

cell cycle process

A cellular process that is involved in the progression of biochemical and morphological phases and events that occur in a cell during successive cell replication or nuclear replication events.

1144

2.83

8

2.83

8.51e-03

The synthesis of aminoacyl tRNA by the formation of an ester bond between the 3'-hydroxyl group of the most 3' adenosine of the tRNA, to be used in ribosome-mediated polypeptide synthesis.

56

0.14

14.45

8.61e-03

amino acid activation

The modification of an amino acid to an active form, for incorporation into a peptide, protein or other macromolecule.

56

0.14

14.45

8.61e-03

tRNA aminoacylation

The synthesis of aminoacyl tRNA by the formation of an ester bond between the 3'-hydroxyl group of the most 3' adenosine of the tRNA, usually catalyzed by the cognate aminoacyl-tRNA ligase. A given aminoacyl-tRNA ligase aminoacylates all species of an isoaccepting group of tRNA molecules.

56

0.14

macromolecule catabolic process

14.45

8.61e-03

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a macromolecule, any large molecule including proteins, nucleic acids and carbohydrates.

511

1.26